西安鍛銅雕塑淺析銅材料以及加工工藝
來源：國產SUV精品一區二區883:www.tianyushuye.com 發布時間：2019年01月11日
金屬是國產SUV精品一區二區883:西(xi)安鍛(duan)銅(tong)雕塑中最常見的材料之一，在鍛銅雕塑藝術發展的歷史長河中，用不同種類的金屬制造的雕塑作品非常多而且有非常重要的歷史地位和價值。不論是純粹的雕塑藝術還是日常生活所用的器皿都有金屬雕塑的優秀范例。金屬是天然的材料，它具有永恒性和高貴性，從而具有廣泛的實用價值和審美價值。金屬材料硬度高、韌性好、光澤亮，是雕塑的主要材料之一。金屬材料經過高溫可以溶化成液體，然后將其澆注入相應的模具里，待其冷卻之后即可成型為雕塑。古代人們所使用的工具、生活用品、打仗的武器都是如此制成，我國在很早以前的夏商周到春秋戰國時期的青銅器鑄造就已經達到了一個頂峰。而銅材料是制作雕塑的主要金屬材料。
一、銅的物理化學(xue)性(xing)質及其分類
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人類發(fa)現最早而且又是(shi)(shi)(shi)常被應用得(de)(de)得(de)(de)心應手的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學符號是(shi)(shi)(shi)Cu、原(yuan)子序數(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)29、原(yuan)子量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)63.546，色澤(ze)呈(cheng)玫瑰紅(hong)色，比(bi)重(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)8.94，它的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)1083℃，沸(fei)點(dian)：2582℃，抗拉強度：220～420MPa。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)質地軟而韌(ren)，其(qi)延展性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)，易(yi)(yi)塑性(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)及導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)優良(liang)，良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)拋旋(xuan)光性(xing)(xing)，易(yi)(yi)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)更易(yi)(yi)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)，不能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)防護(hu)性(xing)(xing)鍍(du)層，會和(he)空(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)硫作(zuo)(zuo)用生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)褐色硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，會和(he)空(kong)氣中(zhong)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳作(zuo)(zuo)用形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錄，會和(he)空(kong)氣中(zhong)氯形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉末。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)層具有(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)均勻性(xing)(xing)、致密性(xing)(xing)、附著(zhu)性(xing)(xing)及拋旋(xuan)光性(xing)(xing)等，所(suo)以(yi)可(ke)做(zuo)(zuo)其(qi)它電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)金(jin)屬(shu)之底鍍(du)鍍(du)層。鍍(du)層可(ke)做(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)防止滲(shen)碳氮化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，唯一(yi)可(ke)實用于鋅(xin)鑄(zhu)件電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)打底用。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)源充(chong)足，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)容易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)，容易(yi)(yi)控(kong)制，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)量(liang)僅次于鎳(nie)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）、黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)純的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)金(jin)屬(shu)，性(xing)(xing)軟而熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)低(di)，容易(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。所(suo)以(yi)鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝絕大部分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而言。紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)軟富延展性(xing)(xing)，又能(neng)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)表現作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)創作(zuo)(zuo)意圖(tu)，且色澤(ze)渾厚(hou)、穩重(zhong)，可(ke)和(he)各種(zhong)裝飾材料(liao)(liao)(liao)、各種(zhong)環(huan)境(jing)配合，既可(ke)制作(zuo)(zuo)大型壁畫、雕塑，又可(ke)做(zuo)(zuo)靈活的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)部點(dian)綴裝飾。所(suo)以(yi)這種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝受到很(hen)多藝術家的(de)(de)(de)偏愛(ai)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)許多壁畫、雕塑工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)首選材料(liao)(liao)(liao)。黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)入(ru)金(jin)屬(shu)錫冶煉而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)性(xing)(xing)狀較硬，相對(dui)延展性(xing)(xing)較差，板材易(yi)(yi)變形(xing)，所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)般(ban)只(zhi)適于制作(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)些折皺(zhou)少、大塊面積的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝品，如銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)字、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牌等。青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在天然銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)里加(jia)(jia)入(ru)了50％的(de)(de)(de)錫等材料(liao)(liao)(liao)后熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)硬度要比(bi)原(yuan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)卻由原(yuan)初的(de)(de)(de)1083℃下降(jiang)到800～960℃。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)易(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，有(you)(you)一(yi)定準確度，耐久性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，并有(you)(you)一(yi)種(zhong)華貴、古雅、莊重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)色彩。
二、國產SUV精品一區二區883:西(xi)安鍛(duan)銅浮雕的加工工藝
銅經過不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的加工(gong)技術(shu)和(he)工(gong)藝(yi)程(cheng)序，會產生不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的視覺美(mei)(mei)(mei)感(gan)(gan)和(he)觸覺美(mei)(mei)(mei)感(gan)(gan)。銅制(zhi)雕(diao)塑的藝(yi)術(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)是集材質之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)、工(gong)藝(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)和(he)藝(yi)術(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)三者綜合的結晶(jing)。因此，學習和(he)研究銅制(zhi)雕(diao)塑需要從(cong)這(zhe)三者入手，即使是藝(yi)術(shu)欣賞也是需要這(zhe)三方面(mian)來進行，如果只是從(cong)一(yi)個(ge)方面(mian)就很難了解和(he)把握銅制(zhi)雕(diao)塑藝(yi)術(shu)的真諦(di)和(he)豐富的內涵(han)。由于不(bu)(bu)(bu)同種(zhong)類的銅材料和(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同造型、結構的銅制(zhi)雕(diao)塑對加工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)的要求也不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。所以成(cheng)(cheng)型和(he)制(zhi)作(zuo)方法主要包括鑄造、鍛造、焊接、鉚(liu)接、切割等五大加工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)，而且在裝飾工(gong)藝(yi)方面(mian)還主要有鑲嵌、雕(diao)金、鍍(du)金和(he)鍍(du)銀三大類。
（一）鑄造工藝(yi)
鑄造(zao)工藝(yi)是銅雕塑(su)的(de)(de)最古老(lao)的(de)(de)成型工藝(yi)之一，它(ta)的(de)(de)加(jia)工方法是首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)用黏(nian)土或者其它(ta)可塑(su)材料做出原型，然后(hou)再翻成鑄造(zao)模(mo)型，之后(hou)進行(xing)澆(jiao)鑄。根據鑄造(zao)模(mo)型材料的(de)(de)不同，主(zhu)要(yao)分為陶范鑄造(zao)、金屬范鑄造(zao)和失蠟鑄造(zao)（也稱翻沙(sha)鑄造(zao)）。
1、陶范鑄造
它是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)最古老的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)造(zao)技術之(zhi)一，我們的(de)(de)祖先(xian)早在(zai)(zai)商代就熟練地(di)掌(zhang)握了(le)這種工藝(yi)，并(bing)用(yong)(yong)此(ci)工藝(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)了(le)大量的(de)(de)青(qing)銅藝(yi)術珍(zhen)品，成(cheng)(cheng)就了(le)享譽世界的(de)(de)青(qing)銅文化。陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)鑄(zhu)造(zao)方(fang)法(fa)首先(xian)是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)范(fan)，“范(fan)”是(shi)(shi)指用(yong)(yong)于鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)(de)模子，制(zhi)作(zuo)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)要(yao)(yao)精選細黏土敷在(zai)(zai)模型(xing)(xing)上，待半干(gan)時(shi)分(fen)塊取下陰(yin)干(gan)，干(gan)透(tou)的(de)(de)泥(ni)范(fan)再經焙燒(shao)成(cheng)(cheng)為陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)①。這就形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)外(wai)范(fan)，外(wai)范(fan)的(de)(de)分(fen)片多少視(shi)造(zao)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)雜(za)程度而定。如(ru)果要(yao)(yao)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)空的(de)(de)雕(diao)塑(su)或器物，在(zai)(zai)做(zuo)好的(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)外(wai)范(fan)后(hou)還要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)內范(fan)，外(wai)范(fan)與(yu)內范(fan)的(de)(de)空間距離就是(shi)(shi)澆鑄(zhu)后(hou)的(de)(de)造(zao)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)厚度。陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)的(de)(de)上部要(yao)(yao)預先(xian)做(zuo)好澆注口(kou)和出氣(qi)孔(kong)。最后(hou)把內、外(wai)范(fan)合起(qi)來(lai)，并(bing)敷上泥(ni)層進(jin)行加固。做(zuo)好上述工作(zuo)，即可(ke)以熔(rong)銅澆鑄(zhu)了(le)。對于造(zao)型(xing)(xing)復(fu)(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)雕(diao)塑(su)，陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)鑄(zhu)造(zao)往(wang)往(wang)無法(fa)一次成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，因此(ci)需要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)(yong)分(fen)鑄(zhu)法(fa)。比如(ru)全身(shen)人像雕(diao)塑(su)，我們將其頭(tou)與(yu)身(shen)體、四(si)肢分(fen)別制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)，先(xian)將四(si)肢鑄(zhu)好暫不拿(na)出，再與(yu)軀(qu)干(gan)的(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)對接起(qi)來(lai)，澆鑄(zhu)軀(qu)干(gan)時(shi)四(si)肢便與(yu)軀(qu)干(gan)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)一體了(le)。
西安易銅坊雕塑工程有限公司(17691083840)公司主要經營國產SUV精品一區二區883:鍛銅(tong)雕(diao)塑定(ding)制,浮雕,不銹鋼雕塑和石雕.擁有多位資深雕塑設計師,從事雕塑和浮雕設計.公司技術力量雄厚,施工隊伍一流。
一、銅的物理化學(xue)性(xing)質及其分類
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人類發(fa)現最早而且又是(shi)(shi)(shi)常被應用得(de)(de)得(de)(de)心應手的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學符號是(shi)(shi)(shi)Cu、原(yuan)子序數(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)29、原(yuan)子量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)63.546，色澤(ze)呈(cheng)玫瑰紅(hong)色，比(bi)重(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)8.94，它的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)1083℃，沸(fei)點(dian)：2582℃，抗拉強度：220～420MPa。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)質地軟而韌(ren)，其(qi)延展性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)，易(yi)(yi)塑性(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)及導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)優良(liang)，良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)拋旋(xuan)光性(xing)(xing)，易(yi)(yi)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)更易(yi)(yi)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)，不能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)防護(hu)性(xing)(xing)鍍(du)層，會和(he)空(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)硫作(zuo)(zuo)用生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)褐色硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，會和(he)空(kong)氣中(zhong)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳作(zuo)(zuo)用形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錄，會和(he)空(kong)氣中(zhong)氯形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉末。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)層具有(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)均勻性(xing)(xing)、致密性(xing)(xing)、附著(zhu)性(xing)(xing)及拋旋(xuan)光性(xing)(xing)等，所(suo)以(yi)可(ke)做(zuo)(zuo)其(qi)它電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)金(jin)屬(shu)之底鍍(du)鍍(du)層。鍍(du)層可(ke)做(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)防止滲(shen)碳氮化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，唯一(yi)可(ke)實用于鋅(xin)鑄(zhu)件電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)打底用。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)源充(chong)足，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)容易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)，容易(yi)(yi)控(kong)制，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)量(liang)僅次于鎳(nie)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）、黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)純的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)金(jin)屬(shu)，性(xing)(xing)軟而熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)低(di)，容易(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。所(suo)以(yi)鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝絕大部分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而言。紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)軟富延展性(xing)(xing)，又能(neng)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)表現作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)創作(zuo)(zuo)意圖(tu)，且色澤(ze)渾厚(hou)、穩重(zhong)，可(ke)和(he)各種(zhong)裝飾材料(liao)(liao)(liao)、各種(zhong)環(huan)境(jing)配合，既可(ke)制作(zuo)(zuo)大型壁畫、雕塑，又可(ke)做(zuo)(zuo)靈活的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)部點(dian)綴裝飾。所(suo)以(yi)這種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝受到很(hen)多藝術家的(de)(de)(de)偏愛(ai)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)許多壁畫、雕塑工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)首選材料(liao)(liao)(liao)。黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)入(ru)金(jin)屬(shu)錫冶煉而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)性(xing)(xing)狀較硬，相對(dui)延展性(xing)(xing)較差，板材易(yi)(yi)變形(xing)，所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)般(ban)只(zhi)適于制作(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)些折皺(zhou)少、大塊面積的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝品，如銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)字、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牌等。青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在天然銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)里加(jia)(jia)入(ru)了50％的(de)(de)(de)錫等材料(liao)(liao)(liao)后熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)硬度要比(bi)原(yuan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)卻由原(yuan)初的(de)(de)(de)1083℃下降(jiang)到800～960℃。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)易(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，有(you)(you)一(yi)定準確度，耐久性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，并有(you)(you)一(yi)種(zhong)華貴、古雅、莊重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)色彩。
銅經過不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的加工(gong)技術(shu)和(he)工(gong)藝(yi)程(cheng)序，會產生不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的視覺美(mei)(mei)(mei)感(gan)(gan)和(he)觸覺美(mei)(mei)(mei)感(gan)(gan)。銅制(zhi)雕(diao)塑的藝(yi)術(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)是集材質之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)、工(gong)藝(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)和(he)藝(yi)術(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)三者綜合的結晶(jing)。因此，學習和(he)研究銅制(zhi)雕(diao)塑需要從(cong)這(zhe)三者入手，即使是藝(yi)術(shu)欣賞也是需要這(zhe)三方面(mian)來進行，如果只是從(cong)一(yi)個(ge)方面(mian)就很難了解和(he)把握銅制(zhi)雕(diao)塑藝(yi)術(shu)的真諦(di)和(he)豐富的內涵(han)。由于不(bu)(bu)(bu)同種(zhong)類的銅材料和(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同造型、結構的銅制(zhi)雕(diao)塑對加工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)的要求也不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。所以成(cheng)(cheng)型和(he)制(zhi)作(zuo)方法主要包括鑄造、鍛造、焊接、鉚(liu)接、切割等五大加工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)，而且在裝飾工(gong)藝(yi)方面(mian)還主要有鑲嵌、雕(diao)金、鍍(du)金和(he)鍍(du)銀三大類。
（一）鑄造工藝(yi)
鑄造(zao)工藝(yi)是銅雕塑(su)的(de)(de)最古老(lao)的(de)(de)成型工藝(yi)之一，它(ta)的(de)(de)加(jia)工方法是首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)用黏(nian)土或者其它(ta)可塑(su)材料做出原型，然后(hou)再翻成鑄造(zao)模(mo)型，之后(hou)進行(xing)澆(jiao)鑄。根據鑄造(zao)模(mo)型材料的(de)(de)不同，主(zhu)要(yao)分為陶范鑄造(zao)、金屬范鑄造(zao)和失蠟鑄造(zao)（也稱翻沙(sha)鑄造(zao)）。
1、陶范鑄造
它是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)最古老的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)造(zao)技術之(zhi)一，我們的(de)(de)祖先(xian)早在(zai)(zai)商代就熟練地(di)掌(zhang)握了(le)這種工藝(yi)，并(bing)用(yong)(yong)此(ci)工藝(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)了(le)大量的(de)(de)青(qing)銅藝(yi)術珍(zhen)品，成(cheng)(cheng)就了(le)享譽世界的(de)(de)青(qing)銅文化。陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)鑄(zhu)造(zao)方(fang)法(fa)首先(xian)是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)范(fan)，“范(fan)”是(shi)(shi)指用(yong)(yong)于鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)(de)模子，制(zhi)作(zuo)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)要(yao)(yao)精選細黏土敷在(zai)(zai)模型(xing)(xing)上，待半干(gan)時(shi)分(fen)塊取下陰(yin)干(gan)，干(gan)透(tou)的(de)(de)泥(ni)范(fan)再經焙燒(shao)成(cheng)(cheng)為陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)①。這就形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)外(wai)范(fan)，外(wai)范(fan)的(de)(de)分(fen)片多少視(shi)造(zao)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)雜(za)程度而定。如(ru)果要(yao)(yao)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)空的(de)(de)雕(diao)塑(su)或器物，在(zai)(zai)做(zuo)好的(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)外(wai)范(fan)后(hou)還要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)內范(fan)，外(wai)范(fan)與(yu)內范(fan)的(de)(de)空間距離就是(shi)(shi)澆鑄(zhu)后(hou)的(de)(de)造(zao)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)厚度。陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)的(de)(de)上部要(yao)(yao)預先(xian)做(zuo)好澆注口(kou)和出氣(qi)孔(kong)。最后(hou)把內、外(wai)范(fan)合起(qi)來(lai)，并(bing)敷上泥(ni)層進(jin)行加固。做(zuo)好上述工作(zuo)，即可(ke)以熔(rong)銅澆鑄(zhu)了(le)。對于造(zao)型(xing)(xing)復(fu)(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)雕(diao)塑(su)，陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)鑄(zhu)造(zao)往(wang)往(wang)無法(fa)一次成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，因此(ci)需要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)(yong)分(fen)鑄(zhu)法(fa)。比如(ru)全身(shen)人像雕(diao)塑(su)，我們將其頭(tou)與(yu)身(shen)體、四(si)肢分(fen)別制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)，先(xian)將四(si)肢鑄(zhu)好暫不拿(na)出，再與(yu)軀(qu)干(gan)的(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)范(fan)對接起(qi)來(lai)，澆鑄(zhu)軀(qu)干(gan)時(shi)四(si)肢便與(yu)軀(qu)干(gan)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)一體了(le)。
西安易銅坊雕塑工程有限公司(17691083840)公司主要經營國產SUV精品一區二區883:鍛銅(tong)雕(diao)塑定(ding)制,浮雕,不銹鋼雕塑和石雕.擁有多位資深雕塑設計師,從事雕塑和浮雕設計.公司技術力量雄厚,施工隊伍一流。
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